BCSSS

International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics

2nd Edition, as published by Charles François 2004 Presented by the Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science Vienna for public access.

About

The International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics was first edited and published by the system scientist Charles François in 1997. The online version that is provided here was based on the 2nd edition in 2004. It was uploaded and gifted to the center by ASC president Michael Lissack in 2019; the BCSSS purchased the rights for the re-publication of this volume in 200?. In 2018, the original editor expressed his wish to pass on the stewardship over the maintenance and further development of the encyclopedia to the Bertalanffy Center. In the future, the BCSSS seeks to further develop the encyclopedia by open collaboration within the systems sciences. Until the center has found and been able to implement an adequate technical solution for this, the static website is made accessible for the benefit of public scholarship and education.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z

PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION 1)5)

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"A technique for presenting a subject matter to a student who can work through it at his own learning speed" (K. KRIPPENDORFF, 1986, p.59).

KRIPPENDORFF describes it as "… a network of statements and tests, which direct the student to new statements depending on his pattern of errors" (Ibid).

The technique is useful, specially when applied to precise formal errorless data systems. But it supposes that the programmer rigorously channels the student's training (no sidelines!, no critique other that the one implicitly included into the program!). And it supposes that the student is sheepishly disposed to navigate the programmed channels. Finally, it implies a SKINNERIAN behavioristic concept of training by conditioning.

Categories

  • 1) General information
  • 2) Methodology or model
  • 3) Epistemology, ontology and semantics
  • 4) Human sciences
  • 5) Discipline oriented

Publisher

Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science(2020).

To cite this page, please use the following information:

Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science (2020). Title of the entry. In Charles François (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics (2). Retrieved from www.systemspedia.org/[full/url]

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