BCSSS

International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics

2nd Edition, as published by Charles François 2004 Presented by the Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science Vienna for public access.

About

The International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics was first edited and published by the system scientist Charles François in 1997. The online version that is provided here was based on the 2nd edition in 2004. It was uploaded and gifted to the center by ASC president Michael Lissack in 2019; the BCSSS purchased the rights for the re-publication of this volume in 200?. In 2018, the original editor expressed his wish to pass on the stewardship over the maintenance and further development of the encyclopedia to the Bertalanffy Center. In the future, the BCSSS seeks to further develop the encyclopedia by open collaboration within the systems sciences. Until the center has found and been able to implement an adequate technical solution for this, the static website is made accessible for the benefit of public scholarship and education.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z

NEEDS 1)

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The basic requirements for a system to maintain its identity and level of organization.

E. LASZLO presents in a hierarchic form an "exclusive categorization" of needs, based on A. MASLOW's work. (1974, p.45).

This hierarchy is reproduced hereafter, but subdivided according to the growing order of complexity of the concerned living systems

All living beings

- "Safety needs (protection from weather, other species)

Social animals

- "Belongingness and love needs (family and social group membership)

Humans

- "Esteem needs (having the respect of oneself and his/her peers in society)

- "Self-actualization needs (fulfilling one's potentials in his/her public and private capacity)

- "Cognitive needs (understanding one's relations to society and comprehending order in nature and the cosmos)

- "Aesthetic needs (perceiving beauty and order in experience)"

There seems thus to exist an evolution of needs toward progressive differentiation and complexity in dynamic systems, very probably related to the progressive complexification of the brain.

Categories

  • 1) General information
  • 2) Methodology or model
  • 3) Epistemology, ontology and semantics
  • 4) Human sciences
  • 5) Discipline oriented

Publisher

Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science(2020).

To cite this page, please use the following information:

Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science (2020). Title of the entry. In Charles François (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics (2). Retrieved from www.systemspedia.org/[full/url]

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