BCSSS

International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics

2nd Edition, as published by Charles François 2004 Presented by the Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science Vienna for public access.

About

The International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics was first edited and published by the system scientist Charles François in 1997. The online version that is provided here was based on the 2nd edition in 2004. It was uploaded and gifted to the center by ASC president Michael Lissack in 2019; the BCSSS purchased the rights for the re-publication of this volume in 200?. In 2018, the original editor expressed his wish to pass on the stewardship over the maintenance and further development of the encyclopedia to the Bertalanffy Center. In the future, the BCSSS seeks to further develop the encyclopedia by open collaboration within the systems sciences. Until the center has found and been able to implement an adequate technical solution for this, the static website is made accessible for the benefit of public scholarship and education.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z

INTEGRATION (levels of) 1)2)4)

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The different hierarchic levels at which a system can be viewed.

Integration of perception, understanding or organization is, at its best when structured in hierarchic levels (without authoritarian connotations).

The perceiver or decider acting globally must disregard many details, as irrelevant for a comprehensive synthesis, in order to acquire a general understanding of the system and be able to manage it.

However perception, understanding or management must be translated into specific and practical action at different levels, from wide-reaching to minute and local operation.

At each level, there is a specific mode of action and, while the active agent must be specialized, she,he must also have sufficient notions about what is going on at the wider or narrower level and of his or her place in the global set.

Categories

  • 1) General information
  • 2) Methodology or model
  • 3) Epistemology, ontology and semantics
  • 4) Human sciences
  • 5) Discipline oriented

Publisher

Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science(2020).

To cite this page, please use the following information:

Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science (2020). Title of the entry. In Charles François (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics (2). Retrieved from www.systemspedia.org/[full/url]

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