BCSSS

International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics

2nd Edition, as published by Charles François 2004 Presented by the Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science Vienna for public access.

About

The International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics was first edited and published by the system scientist Charles François in 1997. The online version that is provided here was based on the 2nd edition in 2004. It was uploaded and gifted to the center by ASC president Michael Lissack in 2019; the BCSSS purchased the rights for the re-publication of this volume in 200?. In 2018, the original editor expressed his wish to pass on the stewardship over the maintenance and further development of the encyclopedia to the Bertalanffy Center. In the future, the BCSSS seeks to further develop the encyclopedia by open collaboration within the systems sciences. Until the center has found and been able to implement an adequate technical solution for this, the static website is made accessible for the benefit of public scholarship and education.

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AUTONOMY: the 3 basic levels 1)

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J. LORIGNY writes: "According to P. VENDRYES three levels of autonomy should be distinguished: metabolic autonomy, motor autonomy and mental autonomy…

"VENDRYES's three autonomies correspond to three succesive stages in evolution. Each developed at a definite stage of life's history and does not emerge formerly, at least in a visible fashion … The more recent ones are imbricated into the former ones, each using them after incorporating them…

"Thus, motor autonomy uses metabolic autonomy… and in the same way, mental autonomy uses motor autonomy… (Furthermore) each autonomy feeds and reinforces the former ones, having them embedded in a systemic hierarchy" (1992, p.13).

Strikingly enough, when compared with MATURANA and VARELA's concept of autonomy and organizational closure, VENDRYES himself wrote as early as 1942: "The living being is to itself its own reference system" (1942, p.290).

Categories

  • 1) General information
  • 2) Methodology or model
  • 3) Epistemology, ontology and semantics
  • 4) Human sciences
  • 5) Discipline oriented

Publisher

Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science(2020).

To cite this page, please use the following information:

Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science (2020). Title of the entry. In Charles François (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics (2). Retrieved from www.systemspedia.org/[full/url]

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